Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/267792370?client_source=feed&format=rss
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Sunday, December 2, 2012
Study provides first direct evidence linking TB infection in cattle and local badger populations
Study provides first direct evidence linking TB infection in cattle and local badger populations
Saturday, December 1, 2012Transmission of tuberculosis between cattle and badgers has been tracked at a local scale for the first time, using a combination of bacterial whole genome DNA sequencing and mathematical modelling. The findings highlight the potential for the use of next generation sequencing as a tool for disentangling the impact of badgers on TB outbreaks in cows at the farm level.
The role of badgers in the transmission of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) amongst cattle remains controversial, with the government's proposal to implement a widespread badger cull in England recently delayed and meeting with extensive criticism over the evidence base for this approach.
Previous studies have used lower resolution genetic typing of bacteria and information observed during an outbreak to identify links between cattle and badgers. However, until now, direct evidence of transmission of the bacteria between the two hosts at the farm scale has been lacking.
In this study, researchers made use of advances in genetic technologies to sequence whole genomes of bacteria that had been isolated from twenty six cows and four badgers from a group of neighbouring farms in Northern Ireland over a decade long history of repeated bTB outbreaks. This approach enabled the team to retrospectively trace changes in the bacteria's DNA as it passed from animal to animal.
The findings reveal that the bacteria isolated from badgers and cattle were extremely closely related, with often indistinguishable bacterial types obtained from badgers and nearby cattle farms. Moreover, the bacteria isolated from the two species were more closely related to each other than they were to farms even a few kilometers away.
"This study provides the first direct evidence of the close relationship between tuberculosis infections in cows and local badgers, at a very local scale," explains Prof. Rowland Kao, a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow who led the study jointly conducted by the University of Glasgow and the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI) in Northern Ireland. "However, only with a larger study might we be able to quantify the extent and direction of transmission between cattle and badgers and reliably inform disease control policies."
The mathematical models used in this study show that different herd outbreaks were usually characterised by genetically distinct groups of bacteria, while bacteria from within single outbreaks were usually closely related, highlighting the potential to use of next generation sequencing for tracking spread of the bacteria from herd to herd.
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease of both livestock and wildlife with severe impacts on animal health and subsequent economic consequences. Although the disease in cattle is caused by a different bacteria from human disease, Mycobacterium bovis rather than Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis is believed to have been a major historical contributor to human cases of TB worldwide and remains a health concern in both developed and developing countries.
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Wellcome Trust: http://www.wellcome.ac.uk
Thanks to Wellcome Trust for this article.
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Saturday, December 1, 2012
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Chatham Men's Softball | Chatham Sports & Recreation Events
The borough's recreation department offers lots of joint programs with the township. Information on those programs is available on the Web site, but the department also administers its own tennis courts, municipal pool, playgrounds and parks.
Such sites include Shepard Kollock Park, Memorial Park, Garden Park, Stanley Park and the Lum Avenue Field. The borough's municipal pool is in Memorial Park.
The department's director is Carol Nauta.
Source: http://chatham.patch.com/events/chatham-mens-softball
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The ABCDs of Impact Investing and Social Enterprise - Huffington Post
Around the world, inspiring pioneers are demonstrating that business and investment can be a morally legitimate and economically effective way to tackle social challenges. But how will we move beyond these inspiring anecdotes to harness the potential of the social enterprise and impact investing movements? Asking four fundamental questions can help steer our path. Are we:
- Asking the right question?
- Building the systems?
- Considering the context?
- Deepening our sense of obligation to each other?
Asking the Right Questions
If we orient around the question "where can we find investments that generate social good?" we limit the power of our work. What we should be asking instead is: "What are the social issues we want to address and how can we best contribute to their solution?
This is more than mere semantics. The Nonprofit Finance Fund has been making impact investments for more than 30 years. In 2009 we set up a program to lend to social service agencies in the City of New York to help them weather the fallout of the financial crisis. We set out asking, "Where can we find credit-worthy borrowers in the social service sector?" But many of these organizations were no longer healthy enough to take on debt in the face of first payment delays and then budget cuts from the City of New York. We could not lend to them.
But when we changed our question to, "What part can we play to ensure that New York has a viable safety net?" we realized that we needed to combine debt, loan guarantees, and grant money for advisory services to help these organizations reposition themselves for long-term sustainability. So by focusing on what we could do to help solve the problem confronting these organizations, we came up with this approach we now call "Complete Capital." We believe many of the most powerful social solutions will employ "Complete Capital" approaches bringing donors together with government, investors and the strategic advisory services necessary to transform these organizations in a way that allows them to thrive in this new operating context. That's just one example of how asking the right question can change the way your approach your work.
Building the systems
As important as asking the right question is, it's not enough. Without the systems to support our work, it will be harder than it needs to be, and the frustrations will drive many people away. Legal systems, educational systems, and measurement systems all support activity that is either purely charitable or purely profit-seeking, but what happens for those of us working in the middle? How do we create laws and regulations that incentivize impact investors without creating an easy-way for people to falsely claim impact intentions in order to avoid taxes? How do we train a new generation of professionals who want the market savvy a business school offers and the social insight our policy and social work schools currently offer? And how will we measure the success of our social enterprises and impact investments that generate a blended value of social and financial return?
The great thing about systems change is that it creates a role for everybody. You can participate in changing the educational system by the questions you ask your professors. You can participate in changing the legal systems through your vote and the way you engage with lawmakers. In measurement, you can become a more savvy consumer of the information that is available to those who care about social outcomes. Our systems are not handed to us; we create them everyday through our actions.
Considering the Context
Too many social enterprise and impact investing discussions ignore the context in which we work. We talk a lot about amazing innovations, but we don't talk enough about how they apply to the great challenges of our time. In the West over the next decade, we need to figure out: how will we secure and expand the social safety net so that it endures as government retreats? In emerging markets, we need to determine: how economic growth can reach more and more people? Our work as social entrepreneurs and impact investors need to contribute to the answers to those fundamental questions. If we continue to have conferences and conversations and businesses that ignore this operating context we will never reach our potential.
Deeping our Connections
Given our focus on business and markets, we often understate how important basic human compassion is to our work. At some point, the fuel that allows any of our ventures to succeed is a recognition that we all need to take care of each other. This commitment motivates many social entrepreneurs. It motivates impact investors. And it motivates governments and philanthropists to buy our services directly or help provide income to our clients to pay for them.
I worry that this sense of mutual obligation is in retreat. In the West, macroeconomic pressures are causing too many people to hunker down and protect their own narrow interests. And in fast-growing emerging markets, a generation is grabbing an opportunity to attain unimagined wealth for themselves even while leaving others behind. If we don't reignite the sense that we have an obligation to each other, then the fuel that runs this whole machine is eventually going to run out.
My grandfather Yudel Levy was born around the turn of the 20th century in Germany. He was orphaned as a young boy and quit school to work. After a few years he found work in a textile factory. When my grandfather was a young adult, the factory owner gave my grandfather money to start his own factory in another town. Now that man did not call himself an impact investor, but his investment embodied the spirit of impact investing. He didn't believe that the only purpose of investing was to make money. And while he felt a sense of obligation to my grandfather, he did not give him charity. Instead he offered my grandfather start-up capital and told my grandfather to pay him back when his company became profitable.
I suspect that everyone in this room today got here because at some point in your family line, someone supported you or your forebears out of a similar recognition that we have an obligation to support each other. If we don't reinvigorate that spirit, then not only will our work be much harder, but we could will ultimately not contribute to realizing the world we want to see.
So I will leave you with a quote from my favorite political philosopher, Bruce Springsteen:
"Where are the eyes, the eyes with the will to see? Where are the hearts that run over with mercy? Where is the work that will set my hands, my soul free?"
If you have the eyes with the will to see what's going on around you, if you have the hearts to connect the work you do to a sense that we have an obligation to one another, then this is the work that will set your hands and your soul free.
This post was originally the keynote address at the Wharton Social Impact Conference.
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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/antony-bugglevine/the-abcds-of-impact-inves_b_2204908.html
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Ind. financier gets 50 years for $200m swindle
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) ? An Indiana financier and former chief executive of National Lampoon convicted of swindling investors out of about $200 million was sentenced Friday to 50 years in prison.
U.S. District Judge Jane Magnus-Stinson said the case against Timothy Durham was characterized by "deceit, greed and arrogance" and that Durham had violated the trust of thousands of small investors from the American Heartland.
"We drive Chevys and Buicks and Ford, not Ducatis. That's how most of us roll," Magnus-Stinson said. "When they're defrauded, it is the most serious offense because it undermines the fabric of this country."
Two of Durham's associates, James Cochran and Rick Snow, were to be sentenced later Friday.
A jury in June found the three men guilty of securities fraud and conspiracy. It also convicted Durham, a major Indiana Republican Party donor who resigned his post at National Lampoon in January, of 10 counts of wire fraud, while Cochran and Snow were convicted on some of those counts.
Prosecutors have said the three stripped Akron, Ohio-based Fair Finance of its assets and used the money to buy mansions, classic cars and other luxury items and to keep another of Durham's company afloat. The men were convicted of operating an elaborate Ponzi scheme to hide the company's depleted condition from regulators and investors, many of whom were elderly.
Durham's attorney, John Tompkins, argued at trial that Durham and the others were caught off-guard by the economic crisis of 2008, and bewildered when regulators placed them under more strict scrutiny and investors made a run on the company.
Attorneys for all three men had asked the judge for lighter sentences than those recommended. Tompkins sought a total of five years for Durham ? three years in prison and two years of home detention.
Prosecutors had wanted 225 years for Durham. Magnus-Stinson said she couldn't sentence him to that much because that number would be as "puffed up" as statements that he held $280 million in assets. But she clearly showed her displeasure with Durham, telling him he had been "raised better" and noting that though he testified that he "felt terribly" for the victims, he had shown no sincere remorse.
Barbara Lukacik, 74, an Ohio nun who said she lost $125,000 in the Fair Finance collapse, said she had forgiven Durham and the others but testified before the sentencing that a lengthy sentence was warranted.
"If you receive a short sentence ? a slap on the wrist, so to say ? I do not think it will be enough time for your heart and your conscience to realize your sin and your greed," she said.
The charges against Durham led several GOP politicians, including Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels, to return hundreds of thousands of dollars in campaign contributions sought by Fair Finance's bankruptcy trustee.
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Associated Press writers Rick Callahan and Ken Kusmer in Indianapolis contributed to this story.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ind-financier-gets-50-years-200m-swindle-185504139--finance.html
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